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现在完成时延续性动词

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延续性动词与非延续性动词,下面一起来看看本站小编好好学习做自己给大家精心整理的答案，希望对您有帮助

现在完成时延续性动词1

英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.

eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).

I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )

常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:

⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.

eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.

⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词

常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下

come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open

die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear

leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep

end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold

join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member

→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years

延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换

非延续性动词延续性动词现在完成时

borrow keep have kept

get to know know have known

catch a cold have a cold have had a cold

buy have have had

die be dead have been dead

open be open have been open

close be closed have been closed

get married be married have been married

fall ill be ill have been ill

fall asleep be asleep have been asleep

leave sp. be away from sp. have been away from sp.

return be back have been back

go to bed be in bed have been in bed

come here be here have been here

go there be there have been there

go out be out have been out

get up be up have been up

start/ begin be on have been on

finish/ end be over have been over

become be have been

join be a member of have been a member of

come to the island be on the island have been on the island

Be in have been in

go to sleep./come to sleep. Be in sleep. hve been in sleep.

rrive→be here begin(start)→be on

die →be dead come back→be back

leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)

get up→be up go out →be out

finish →be over put on →wear/be on

open →be open join →be in/be a member of…

close →be closed go to school→be a student

borrow →keep buy/get →have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know

begin to study→study come to work→work

move to → live in/ be out of finish/end → be over

come to → be in sit down → be seated

marry → be married dress → be dressed

arrive in / at → be in / at lose→be lost

break→be broken wake→be awake

专项练习

I、把下列瞬间动词转换为延续性动词

buy catch (get) a cold put on

borrow/lend come/go /become go to school

join the army join the Party arrive/come/reach

die finish begin/start

leave fall asleep/ill close

open get up

II、单项选择

1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.

A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away

2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined B. have joined C. have been in

3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

5.You mustn't ______ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left

6.The meeting _______ for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.

A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught

8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .

A. has been B. has become C. was D. became

9. I ______ home for a week.

A. have returned B. have been back C. returned

10. How long ______ he ______ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead

11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept

12.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had

13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.

A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been

14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.

A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from

15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.

A. borrow B. keep C. take

16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.

A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been

17.Are you ___the jacket these days?

A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on

18.He ________ foe 2 hours. A. got upB. has got up C. has been up

19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.

A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had

20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.

A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep

III、瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习

1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。

A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes.

B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film .

C: You are late. The film 10 minutes .

2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。

A: My uncle the army for 2 years.

B: It 2 years my uncle joined the army.

C: My uncle the army 2 years ago.

3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。

A: Linda a cold 4 to 5 days.

B: It 4 to 5 days since Linda a cold

C: Linda a cold 4 or 5 days .

4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。

A: His grandpa for 5 years.

B: It 5 years since his grandpa .

C: His grandpa 5 years .

5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。

A: You're late. The train for 20 minutes.

B: It 20 minutes since the train .

C: The train 20 minutes .

6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。

A: They Shenzhen for over 3 years.

B: It over 3 years since they Shenzhen.

C: They Shenzhen over 3 years .

7. My father bought a new car two years ago.

My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years.

My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years ago.

8.Tom borrowed this book four days ago.

Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days.

Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days ago.

9. The factory opened in 1996.

The factory ten years.

The factory since 1996.

10. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago.

Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago.

Mr. Wang Beijing five days.

11. My son fell asleep half an hour ago.

My son _____ _____ _____ for _____ _____ _____.

My son _____ _____ _____ since _____ _____ _____ _____.

现在完成时延续性动词2

英语中，现在完成时态的概念和用法介绍

现在完成时的意义：现在完成时指的是在“现在”这一时刻之前开始发生的并持续到这一时刻或者对这一时刻有影响的一个活动。

现在完成时的形式：have done

现在完成时的用法（一）：延续到现在的动作或者状态

过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去，这时候的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。

例句：1. I have been a policeman for almost 24 years.

我已经当了24年的警察了。

2. She has lived in Beijing for 6 years.

她住在北京6年了。

3. Our teacher, Miss Li, has taught in the school since she graduated from college.

自从李老师大学毕业以来，就一直在这所学校教书。

4. He has worked in the company since 2018.

自从2018年以来，他一直在这所公司工作。

5. Mum，I want to see the Avengers 4. I have waited for such a long time．

妈妈，我想看《复仇者联盟4》。我已经等了很长时间。

注：以上划线部分都是延续性动词，而且时间状语一般为一段时间。

现在完成时的用法（二）：过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或者状态

表示在过去发生的动作对现在仍然有影响，谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。

例句：1. I have spent all of my money.

我花光了我的钱。（含义是我没有钱花了）

2. Yang Ming has broken his leg.

杨明摔断了腿。（含义是杨明可能还在医院，或者暗含他无法参加某些活动）

如果用过去时：Yang Ming broke his leg. 就表示杨明有过摔断腿的经历，现在腿已经好了。

3. Lisa has returned from abroad.

丽萨从国外回来了。（含义是Lisa已经在此地了）

4. Peter has been ill.

彼得生病了。（含义是Peter现在仍然很虚弱）

5. Jim has laid the table.

吉姆已经摆好了桌子。（含义是桌子已经摆放好了）

注意：这种完成时态的句子状语不用“一段时间”，因为谓语动词是短暂性动词，瞬间就终止，无法延续，所以时间状语不能是一段时间。

比如：I have bought the dress for a year.这句话就是错误的，因为不能买衣服买了一年。可以怎么改呢？

I have bought the dress two years ago.

I have bought the dress since I graduated from high school.

I have had the dress for a year.

以上三种都是正确的改法。前两个句子是把时间状语变为时间点，第三个句子是把动词改为了延续性动词。

但是要注意，如果短暂性动词用否定的形式，那么就可以表示延续，时间状语也可以用“一段时间”。

例句：1. I haven’t seen you for a year.

我已经一年没有看见你了。

2. I haven’t bought a dress for a year.

我已经一年没买裙子了。

为什么变成否定就可以和一段时间连用呢？因为否定+短暂性动词，就表示这个动作未发生，而未发生的动作是可以表示为一种“状态”的，比如“我没有看见你”，“没有看见”就可以作为持续性的状态存在。

现在完成时的用法（三）：到目前的时间段内重复发生的动作

例句：1. I have attended many concerts since I retired.

自从退休之后，我参加了很多音乐会。（我不可能总是参加音乐会，而是退休之后的这段时间，经常参加，是重复发生的动作，而非持续的动作）

2. Many of his theories has been challenged today.

他的许多理论到今天遭到了很多质疑。

以上，就是现在完成时的用法，你会了吗？

现在完成时延续性动词3

用法1：

since引导的时间状语从句中用短暂性动词的过去式，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此时，整个句子可以直接按照字面意思翻译。例句

She has dealt with five guys since she porced Tom.

她和汤姆离婚后和五个男人交往过。

I have been missing her since she left.

自从她离开我就一直很想念她。

用法2：

since引导的时间状语从句中用延续性动词或者状态动词的过去式，主句用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。此时，时间状语从句指示的时间是这个延续性动作结束直到现在这个时间段，翻译时不能按照字面翻译。例句

It has been almost five years since I taught high school students.

我不教高中已经大概有五年了。

I have changed my job five times since I was in Shanghai.

我离开上海后换了五次工作。

用法3：

since引导的时间状语从句中的动词用延续性动词的现在完成时，主句的动词用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。此时，状语从句指示的时间是延续性动作开始一直到现在这个时间段，翻译时可以直接按照字面意思理解。例句

It has been almost five years since I have taught senior three students.

我从教高三开始到现在已经五年了。

I have never heard from her since she has worked there.

自从她去那工作到现在为止，我没有收到过她的来信。

用法4：

since引导的时间状语从句中的动词用现在完成进行时，主句谓语动词用一般现在时。此时，不管since引导的时间状语从句的动词是延续性的还是非延续性的都不影响句子的意思，按照字面直接翻译即可。例句：

We think highly of your up-grading spirit since you have been trying to change yourself. 从你一直努力改变自己以来，我们都高度赞赏你的上进精神。

We all admire you since you have been doing everything to help the poor.

自从你一直做任何事情帮助穷人以来，我们都很钦佩你。

小结：只有在since引导的时间状语从句中用延续性动词或者状态动词的过去式，主句用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。这种情况下，时间状语从句指示的时间是这个延续性动作结束直到现在这个时间段，翻译时不能按照字面翻译。（我的意见是按照否定意味来翻译这个世界终于从句即可）。另外，词典里出现了一些it例句可以总结出：

It's+一段时间+ since+一般过去时；

It's+一段时间+ since+现在完成时；

It was+一段时间+ since+过去完成时；

It had been+一段时间+过去完成时；

这两个句型的翻译也是否定从句含义来翻译：

如：

It's only a year since I last saw the child and he's grown so tall.

这孩子一年不见，长这么高了。

《汉英大词典》

It's twenty years since I've seen her.

我已经二十年没见她了。《牛津词典》

How many years is it since we've seen each other? Too many, anyway.